Calender smoothing (calendering)
Also known as: Calendering, Gloss calendering, Chintz finish, Schreiner calender
Textile finishing by heated, high-pressure rollers — smooths, densifies and imparts gloss or embossing.
Description
In calendering a fabric web is passed through one or more pairs of heated metal or plastic rollers under pressure (up to 400 bar) and at temperatures of 150–220 °C. Fibres are plastically deformed and the surface is smoothed, densified and — depending on the roller surface — matted, glossed or embossed.
Four important variants: the classic calender (smoothing and densification, e.g. for poplin and linings), the Schreiner calender (up to 600 very fine ribs per inch for a silky lustre on cotton and satin), the embossing calender (patterns such as crocodile, honeycomb or check are permanently pressed in) and the chintz calender (extreme high gloss via a friction roller). The effect on cellulose fibres such as cotton is wash-sensitive; on polyester and blends it is permanent.
- Temperature: 150–220 °C, pressure up to 400 bar
- Effects: smoothing, densification, gloss, embossing
- On cotton fades after multiple washes
- On polyester permanent due to thermoplastic setting
Properties
| Temperature | 150–220 °C |
|---|---|
| Pressure | up to 400 bar |
| Effect | Smoothing, gloss, embossing, densification |
| Wash fastness | Cotton: limited; polyester: permanent |
Related product categories
Sources & references
2- Wikipedia: Calendering (textiles) Wikipedia — Freie Enzyklopädie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendering_(textiles)
- Wikipedia: Kalander (Maschine) Wikipedia — Freie Enzyklopädie https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalander_(Maschine)
