Enzyme washing

Enzyme washing is the umbrella term for all washing and treatment processes that apply enzymatic active substances to cellulose fibres. The most important application is bio-polishing: cellulases break down protruding surface fibrils on cotton and lyocell goods, resulting in a smooth, silky surface and clean colour appearance. Bio-polishing is also standard on lyocell and modal to control fibrillation tendency.

Further applications: amylase enzymes for desizing (removing warp size after weaving), catalase for breaking down peroxide residues after bleaching, laccase for colour stripping on denim. Each enzyme family requires specific temperature and pH windows so enzymes stay active without denaturing.

Compared to conventional chemistry enzymatic processes save water, chemistry and energy. Novozymes and DuPont are the leading suppliers of industrial textile enzymes. Enzyme preparations cost more than simple alkali processes but are offset by savings and higher goods quality.